LATEST ARTICLES
Details of the latest articles published in the Journal. Includes the most recent InPress papers (uncorrected proofs of accepted papers awaiting publication in a Journal issue).
Date: Wed, 18 Aug 2010 14:45:08 GMT
This article uses a numerical method for predicting the creep crack growth in compact tension (CT) specimens, including those containing welds. A series of incremental steady-state finite-element (FE) analyses were performed, using Norton's law to represent the creep behaviour, in order to simulate the progressive creep crack growth process. Validation of the FE predictions was achieved by comparing the creep crack growth test results obtained for parent material (PM) and cross-weld CT specimens removed from a P91 weld; the tests were carried out at 650 °C. Experimental results show that the creep crack growth rates for cross-weld specimens are higher than those for PM specimens by a factor of ∼4, for the same value of C*. Good agreement was obtained between the FE predictions and the experimental results for both the PM and cross-weld CT specimens. The FE results obtained using this approach are also in good agreement with those obtained from continuum damage analyses. The advantage of the proposed approach is that it requires much fewer material constants for use in the numerical predictions, compared with the damage mechanics approach.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA330
- Authors
- T H Hyde, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- R Li, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- W Sun, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- M Saber, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Date: Mon, 19 Jul 2010 16:14:48 GMT
Polymers and their composites offer high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. However, they have a good affinity towards moisture and the absorbed moisture affects their mechanical behaviour. This article discusses the tensile behaviour of polyamide 6 nanocomposite containing different levels of absorbed water. The absorption of water influences the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and fracture morphology of the polyamide 6 nanocomposites. Although crystallinity increases due to the absorption of water, the modulus and tensile strength were found to be decreasing because of the plasticization effect, which overcomes the effect of marginal increase in crystallinity.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA316
- Authors
- K R Rajeesh, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- R Gnanamoorthy, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing (IIITD&M Kancheepuram), IIT Madras Campus, Chennai, India
- R Velmurugan, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
Date: Mon, 19 Jul 2010 16:14:48 GMT
The surface-severe plastic deformation (SSPD) has several advantages since many important properties such as fatigue, wear, corrosion, capability of coatings, dent resistance, etc. are directly influenced by the surface characteristics. Warm wire bushing is introduced here as a new, easy, and simple technique to perform warm surface-severe plastic deformation (SSPD). The process was modelled using FEM to predict the required strain to attain the nanograins on surface of an interstitial free steel. The results show that warm SSPP at 350 °C resulted in a strain of about 3.6 required to form nanograins by SSPD. The SSPD carried out under the conditions predicted by simulation led to the formation of nanograins, 100±20 nm, within a surface layer about 50 μ m thick. The nanostructured layers were then characterized by using TEM, AFM, and SEM techniques.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA309
- Authors
- K Dehghani, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- M Nasirizadeh, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- S Bagherzadeh, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Date: Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:55:32 GMT
In the present study, an attempt is made to synthesize an aluminium alloy–silicon carbide (SiC) particle composite using a liquid metallurgy route and to characterize the composites in terms of sliding wear behaviour and numerical simulation by finite element analysis. The sliding wear behaviour was studied using a pin-on-disc apparatus with the composite pin sliding against an EN32 steel counter surface at different applied loads and sliding speed. The experimental results for the aluminium alloy–SiC particle composite were validated using a mathematical model. A wear equation was used to predict the steady-state wear rates. It is based on an exponential transient wear volume equation and Archard's equation. An algorithm for the finite element model to simulate wear tests was also developed. The predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental values.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA292
- Authors
Date: Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:55:32 GMT
The present work investigates the fatigue performance of fibre-reinforced injection-moulded leaf springs. Twenty per cent discontinuous long, short glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene (SFPP) and unreinforced polypropylene (UFPP) materials are used for manufacturing constant-thickness, varying-width, mono leaf spring. Fatigue tests are performed on moulded leaf springs at various alternating loads under the pulsating compression mode at 0.5 Hz frequency with the aid of in-house developed fixtures integrated with the servo-hydraulic fatigue machine. During fatigue testing, cyclic load–deflection of the test leaf spring of each and every cycle is measured; the energy dissipation ratio and spring rate of the test leaf springs are reported as an index for the accumulated damage at various stages of its life. Test leaf springs are subjected to fatigue load up to 2 × 105 cycles or failure, whichever is earlier. SFPP and UFPP leaf springs exhibited drops in the spring rate, whereas long glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene exhibited fracture as leaf spring failure. Fatigue performance as well as failure morphology of the leaf springs confirmed the role of reinforced fibre length in the thermoplastic composite leaf spring.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA319
- Authors
- C Subramanian
- S Senthilvelan
Date: Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:55:32 GMT
In the present work, the potential of using bamboo fibres as reinforcement for polyester composites was evaluated. Two types of bamboo fibres were used: untreated and treated with different NaOH concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt%). Mechanical properties of both treated and untreated fibres were investigated. In addition, single-fibre pull-out tests were performed to study the interfacial shear strength of the fibres with the polyester matrix at different embedment length of fibres. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface morphology of the fibres before and after the tests. Results revealed that an untreated fibre has the best strength and stiffness but lowest strain at break. An increase in alkali concentration reduces the strain at failure and ductility of bamboo fibres. However, the strength and stiffness of the fibres were increased. In addition, the interfacial shear strength was improved with longer embedment length and higher NaOH concentration.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA304
- Authors
- K J Wong, Centre for Composites, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- B F Yousif, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- K O Low, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
Date: Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:55:32 GMT
This article describes an investigation into the contact behaviour of polymeric gear transmissions using numerical finite element (FE) and analytical techniques. A polymer gear pair was modelled and analysed using the ABAQUS software suite and the analytical results were calculated using the BS ISO 6336 rating standard. Before describing the results, the principles of the strategies and methods employed in the building of the FE model have been discussed. The FE model dynamically simulated a range of operating conditions. The simulations showed that the kinematic behaviour of polymeric gears is substantially different from those predicted by the classical metal gear theory. Extensions to the path of contact occur at the beginning and end of the meshing cycle. These are caused by large tooth deflections experienced by polymer gear teeth, as a result of much lower values of stiffness compared to metallic gears. The premature contact (occurring at the beginning of the meshing cycle) is hypothesized to be a factor in pitch line tooth fractures, whereas the extended contact is thought to be a factor in the extreme wear as seen in experiments. Furthermore, the increase in the path of contact also affects the induced bending and contact stresses. Simulated values are compared against those predicted by the international gear standard BS ISO 6336 and are shown to be substantially different. This is particularly for the case for bending stresses, where analytically derived values are independent of contact stiffness. The extreme tooth bending and the differences between analytical and numerical stresses observed in all the simulations suggest that any future polymeric gear-rating standard must account for the effects of load sharing (as a result of tooth deflection) and friction (particularly in dry-running applications).
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA315
- Authors
- M Karimpour, Mechanics of Materials Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
- K D Dearn, Power Transmission Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- D Walton, Power Transmission Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
Date: Tue, 27 Apr 2010 14:52:50 GMT
The effect of aluminium content on the formation mechanism, volume fraction, morphology, and particle size distribution of graphite has been investigated. Addition of aluminium to ductile iron causes some fundamental changes in iron–carbon phase diagrams and, as a result, improves graphite formation during eutectic transformation. Results reveal that aluminium compounds have been formed in the core of graphite nodules; thus aluminium plays an important role in the formation of graphite nodules. Furthermore, it is indicated that an increase in the aluminium content also leads to an increase in the number of graphite nodules and a decrease in the nodule size. By using electron probe microanalysis, the segregation of aluminium and silicon between graphite nodules has been studied.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA302
- Authors
- A Shayesteh-Zeraati, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- H Naser-Zoshki, Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- A R Kiani-Rashid, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- M R Yousef-Sani, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Date: Tue, 27 Apr 2010 14:52:50 GMT
Survival of species such as geckos, spiders, flies, and crickets crucially depends on the interaction between hundreds of thousands of hairs or setae on their feet. Recently, many efforts have been made to fabricate adhesive pads inspired by natural biological systems. Fibres developed from nano molding can mimic the hairs of these species’ feet and act as a dry adhesive pad. In this study, for the nanocasting of nano fibres, several porous silicon structures with desired dimensional and morphological characteristics were made by an electrochemical etching system. The adhesive strengths of produced adhesive pads were measured about 0.07 N/cm2 in the normal direction and about 0.045 N/cm2 in the shear direction in contact with a glass surface. Besides the experimental work, a quantitative model has been developed to model van der Waals interactions in adhesive pads. The results from the theoretical model show consistency with experiments.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA287
- Authors
- H Parsaiyan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- F Barazandeh, Department of Mechanical Engineering and New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- S N Nejad, Department of Mechanical Engineering and New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- S M Rezaei, Department of Mechanical Engineering and New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- M Kabganian, Department of Mechanical Engineering and New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- M Parsaiyan, Department of Industrial Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran
Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2010 21:30:15 GMT
Vibration damping is proving important for improved vibration and noise control, dynamic stability, fatigue, and impact resistance in advanced engineering systems. In the present work, the effect of natural rubber particle inclusions on the mechanical and damping properties of epoxy-filled glass fibre composites is investigated. Test specimens are fabricated with inclusion of natural rubber particles of different sizes and tested for tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. These mechanical properties are influenced by the size of the rubber particle inclusions. Vibration tests are carried out and damping ratio is calculated. It is observed that damping ratio varies with inclusion of natural rubber particles and that 0.25 mm particle inclusions improve damping better than other selected particle sizes without greatly affecting the stiffness in the case of cantilever beams and fixed free plates.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA282
- Authors
- H Ravi Sankar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
- P Vamsi Krishna, Department of Industrial Production Engineering, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
- V Bhujanga Rao, NSTL, Visakhapatnam, India
- P Bangaru Babu, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, Warangal, India
Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2010 21:29:35 GMT
In this article, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are employed for multi-objective Pareto optimum design of group method data handling (GMDH)-type neural networks that have been used for fatigue life modelling and prediction of unidirectional (UD) carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) composites using input–output experimental data. The input parameters used for such modelling are stress ratio, cyclic strain energy, fibre orientation angle, maximum stress, and failure stress level in one cycle. In this way, EAs with a new encoding scheme are first presented for evolutionary design of the generalized GMDH-type neural networks, in which the connectivity configurations in such networks are not limited to adjacent layers. Second, multi-objective EAs with a new diversity preserving mechanism are used for Pareto optimization of such GMDH-type neural networks. The important conflicting objectives of GMDH-type neural networks that are considered in this work are training error (TE), prediction error (PE), and number of neurons (N). Different pairs of these objective functions are selected for two-objective optimization processes. Therefore, optimal Pareto fronts of such models are obtained in each case, which exhibit the trade-offs between the corresponding pair of conflicting objectives and, thus, provide different non-dominated optimal choices of GMDH-type neural network model for fatigue life of UD CFRP composites. Moreover, all the three objectives are considered in a three-objective optimization process, which consequently leads to some more non-dominated choices of GMDH-type models representing the trade-offs among the TE, PE, and N (complexity of network), simultaneously. The comparison graphs of these Pareto fronts also show that the three-objective results include those of the two-objective results and, thus, provide more optimal choices for the multi-objective design of GMDH-type neural networks.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA260
- Authors
- K Salmalian, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- N Nariman-Zadeh, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- H Gharababei, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- H Haftchenari, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- A Varvani-Farahani, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2010 21:51:58 GMT
The dynamic response of a magneto-electro-elastic sensor bonded to a cylindrical shell is addressed in this paper. A semi-analytical finite-element method is used to model the structure. The cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure and the response is studied for clamped–free and clamped–clamped boundary conditions with different sensor locations. Proportional damping is assumed and the Newmark-beta method is used as the solution technique. The response is found to be the maximum when the sensor is placed at the clamped end. It is advisable to place the sensor at the free end than in the middle to replicate the nature of load history.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA299
- Authors
Date: Fri, 12 Feb 2010 17:14:06 GMT
Braided composites have an advantage in that their stiffness distribution can be changed by changing the orientation angle of the fibre bundle, called the ‘braiding angle’. To change the braiding angle on a cylindrical braided fabric, the longitudinal velocity of the mandrel and the angular rate of the spindle in a braider should be changed. However, these changes are only in the longitudinal direction and not in the circumferential direction.
A method for generating changes in the circumferential direction is proposed. The method sets an elliptical guide ring to provide fibres towards the longitudinal direction, called the ‘creating ellipse’, rather than a circular guide ring, called the ‘creating circle’ on a braider. Dynamic changes in the radius of the creating ellipse induce distribution changes in the circumferential direction. In validation studies comparing theoretical braiding angles with the experimental results, this method is proven effective for predicting circumferential distributions on a cylindrical braided fabric.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA281
- Authors
- H Nishimoto
- A Ohtani
- A Nakai
- H Hamada
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 2010 14:43:47 GMT
In this study, the phenomenon of residual stress relaxation from foreign object damage (FOD) is numerically simulated using a hybrid explicit–implicit finite-element method. The effects of cycle fatigue loadings on stress relaxation were studied. FOD is first simulated by firing a 3 mm cube impacting onto a plate made of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V at 200 m/s. The FOD impact produces two distinct stress concentrations: one is compressive directly beneath the impact site; the other is tensile around the outer edge of the impact. The plate was then assumed to be subjected to a cyclic fatigue loading. The stress relaxation was investigated under a range of stress ratios and maximum applied stresses. Two different material models were considered for the simulations, namely an elastic–perfectly plastic model and a non-linear kinematic hardening model.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA286
- Authors
- T Davis, Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- J Ding, ITP Engines UK Ltd, Whetstone, Leicester, UK
- W Sun, Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- S B Leen, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 2010 14:43:47 GMT
The application of adhesively bonded joints in structural components made of composite materials for automotive industry applications has increased significantly in recent years and provides many benefits that will ultimately lead to lighter-weight vehicles, fuel savings, and reduced emissions. The principal benefits are design flexibility, opportunity for part consolidation, and joining of dissimilar materials. While much work has been conducted in adhesive bonding for the aerospace industry, the automotive industry does not currently have a full portfolio of processes and methods for evaluating candidate adhesives for use in bonding structural automotive components. Aerospace techniques and materials are not generally applicable, since the automotive industry must be more cognizant of cost and high volume production.
In this article, the performances of two different adhesive types, an epoxy and a polyurethane, have been studied through bulk specimen and adhesive joint tests. Results showed that the failure loads of both the bulk test and joint test specimens vary with temperature and this needs to be considered in any design procedure. Also, for the polyurethane adhesive, the single lap joint is sufficient to determine the adhesive shear strength.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA283
- Authors
- M D Banea, Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica (IDMEC), Porto, Portugal
- L F M da Silva, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 2009 08:08:55 GMT
This article reports the structural responses of generally laminated composite columns subjected to uni-axial compression and transverse load. Closed-form expressions were developed and are presented in this contribution to analyse buckling and bending responses of generally laminated composite beams with various boundary supports. The expressions were developed using a combination of the Euler–Bernoulli beam and the classical lamination theory. In addition, the results of a complementary experimental study are presented and are used to validate the analytical models. The comparison of the analytical results with the experimental results shows good correlation in general. Some interesting preliminary results obtained in the analysis of the beam-column are also presented, noted, and discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA285
- Authors
Date: Mon, 09 Nov 2009 18:00:00 GMT
Future ‘smart’ structures have the potential to revolutionize many engineering applications. One of the possible methods for creating smart structures is through the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) fibres embedded into metal matrices. Ultrasonic consolidation (UC) allows the embedding of SMAs into metal matrices while retaining the SMA's intrinsic recoverable deformation property. In this work, NiTi SMA fibres were successfully embedded into an Al 3003 (0) matrix via the UC layer manufacturing process. Initially the plastic flow of the Al matrix and the degree of fibre encapsulation were observed using optical microscopy. Then microstructural grain and sub-grain size variation of the Al 3003 (0) matrix at the fibre–matrix interface, and the nature of the fibre–matrix bonding mechanism, were studied via the use of focused ion beam (FIB) cross-sectioning, FIB imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical peel testing. The results show that the inclusion of the NiTi SMA fibres had a significant effect on the surrounding Al matrix microstructure during the UC process. Additionally, the fibre–matrix bonding mechanism appeared to be mechanical entrapment with the SMA surface showing signs of fatigue from the UC embedding process.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA268
- Authors
Date: Mon, 09 Nov 2009 18:00:00 GMT
The relative effects of single austenitization (SA) and double austenitization (DA) temperatures on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion of electron beam welds of AISI 431 martensitic stainless steel were studied. The post weld heat treatments consist of austenitizing the weld samples for 1 h at 1000 and 1050 °C and double austenitizing at 1050 and 1000 °C and air cooling followed by double tempering, i.e. tempering at both 670 and 600 °C. The prior austenite grain size increased with an increase in austenitizing temperature from 1000 to 1050 °C. Grain refinement resulted after DA. Parent metal grain size was coarser as compared to grain size in the weld zone in the respective conditions. Retained austenite content increased after DA. Undissolved carbides were observed in welds and parent metal austenitized up to 1000 °C and they dissolved at austenitizing temperature≥1050 °C. DA treatment resulted in the dissolution of most of the carbides. Coarsening of martensite laths was observed after tempering. DA after double tempering resulted in optimum mechanical properties, i.e. strength, hardness, and toughness. The pitting resistance of the DA-treated samples showed a considerable improvement over those obtained by either of the two SA treatments followed by double tempered conditions.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA279
- Authors
- A Rajasekhar, Vaageswari Engineering College, Karim Nagar, Andhra Pradesh, India
- G Madhusudhan Reddy, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 2009 17:21:02 GMT
An experimental programme of cyclic mechanical testing of a 316 stainless steel, at temperatures up to 600 °C, under isothermal conditions, for the identification of material constitutive constants, has been carried out using a thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) test machine with induction coil heating. The constitutive model adopted is a modified Chaboche unified viscoplasticity model, which can deal with both cyclic effects, such as combined isotropic and kinematic hardening, and rate-dependent effects, associated with viscoplasticity. The characterization of 316 stainless steel is presented and compared with results from cyclic isothermal tests. A least-squares optimization algorithm has been developed and implemented for determining the material constants in order to further improve the general fit of the model to experimental data, using the initially obtained material constants as the starting point in this optimization process. The model predictions using both the initial and optimized material constants are compared to experimental data.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA273
- Authors
- Y P Gong, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- C J Hyde, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- W Sun, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- T H Hyde, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Date: Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:52:20 GMT
The aim of this study was to evaluate a practical method of repairing a typical defect of aircraft sandwich panels that were bonded with stepped metal skins and consisted of an open rectangular edge core. This structure caused delamination or disbond between the honeycomb core and the outer skin, and it was typically due to ‘residual stresses’. A ‘positive mark-off’ was also found at the top of the inner skin at the bagging side along the stepped metal area. After a period of service time, the upper skin of the sandwich panel tended to totally delaminate, unlike the inner skin. The principle of the microcomposite concept is to use an additional thin microfabric of ‘Cerec’ embedded into the film adhesive, and this can be adopted practically to overcome permanent gap of the deformed structure. This applied method successfully eliminated possible ‘mark-off’ and ‘print-off’, and also reduced possible residual stresses that may initiate the delamination propagation, which will be stimulated by vibration during the service time. The success of the repair process was initiated by a sufficient metal surface preparation, a proper operational condition during the manufacturing process, and also an appropriate material selection of the surface layer to fill the gap distance over the repair area.
- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1243/14644207JMDA250
- Authors